When L. Frank Baum published The Wonderful Wizard of Oz in 1900, readers saw a delightful children's fantasy about a Kansas farm girl who finds herself in a magical land. What they didn't realize was that Baum had created one of the most sophisticated commentaries on American society ever disguised as a fairy tale. Through … Continue reading More Than Yellow Brick Roads
Ozma of Oz
The Tik-Tok Man: An Early Example of Artificial Intelligence in Literature
In an age when artificial intelligence dominates technological discourse, it's illuminating to look back at early literary representations of thinking machines. Long before the term "robot" entered our lexicon and decades before Isaac Asimov formulated his famous Three Laws of Robotics, L. Frank Baum introduced readers to a remarkable mechanical being in his Oz series … Continue reading The Tik-Tok Man: An Early Example of Artificial Intelligence in Literature
The Confusing Middle 